Moving Through Cancer: How Exercise Physiology Boosts Treatment Outcomes

Written by Caroline Hart, Clinical Exercise Physiologist & Rehabilitation Specialist 

When you think of cancer treatment, you probably picture chemotherapy, radiation, or surgery. But there’s another powerful therapy that often goes under the radar - exercise. Not just “go for a walk” exercise, but targeted, personalised movement programs guided by an Accredited Exercise Physiologist (AEP).

Research now shows that the right exercise can reduce treatment side effects, improve recovery, and even boost survival. Here’s how: 

Why Exercise Is a Game-Changer in Cancer Care

Cancer treatment is tough on the body. Fatigue, muscle loss, reduced fitness, and mental strain are common - and can last for months or even years. But movement is one of the most effective tools we have to fight these side effects.

• Less fatigue – Regular, tailored exercise can cut cancer-related fatigue by up to 50%.

• Fewer complications – Maintaining muscle mass helps reduce the risk of hospitalisations and supports immune function.

• Better treatment tolerance – People who stay active often cope better with chemotherapy or radiation and are less likely to need dose reductions.

• Improved survival rates – Studies suggest higher physical activity levels are linked with lower recurrence rates in certain cancers, such as breast and colon cancer.

What Exercise Physiologist Can Provide

Unlike generic “exercise advice,” an exercise physiologist creates an individualised plan that accounts for:

• Type of cancer (breast, prostate, lung, blood cancers, etc.)

• Stage of treatment (before, during, or after)

• Side effects (e.g., lymphoedema, neuropathy, bone fragility)

• Overall health and pre-existing conditions

Your program might include:

• Aerobic training – Walking, cycling, or swimming to boost energy and cardiovascular health.

• Strength training – Light weights or resistance bands to rebuild muscle and bone density.

• Flexibility & balance work – Yoga, Pilates, or gentle mobility drills to reduce stiffness and prevent falls.

• Breathing & relaxation exercises – Helpful for lung capacity, stress, and anxiety.

Exercise Is Safe - When Done Right

Many people worry that exercise during treatment might be dangerous. In reality, when guided by an AEP, it’s one of the safest and most empowering parts of care. Sessions are adapted to daily energy levels, with close monitoring for any red flags.

The Mental & Emotional Boost

Beyond the physical benefits, exercise supports mental health by:

• Reducing anxiety and depression

• Building confidence in your body again

• Providing a sense of control during a time that often feels overwhelming

A New Standard of Care

Globally, organisations like the Clinical Oncology Society of Australia (COSA) now recommend that exercise be prescribed as part of every cancer patient’s treatment plan - right alongside chemotherapy and medication. Yet, many people still don’t get referred.

If you or someone you love is going through cancer treatment, please reach out to Hart Health today so we can help you achieve the best possible outcomes.